Parametric–criterial Model of the Root Crop Planting Process in a Carousel Machine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32515/2664-262X.2026.13(44).202-211Keywords:
carousel planting machine; mother sugar beet roots; planting process; parametric–criterial model; admissible parameter domain; operability margin; analytical modelingAbstract
Planting of mother sugar beet roots for seed production is a critical technological operation that requires stable machine performance and preservation of planting material integrity. Carousel-type planting machines are commonly used due to their high productivity; however, effective coordination of their constructive and operating parameters remains a complex engineering challenge. Insufficient coordination leads to instability of root holding, mechanical damage, inaccurate placement in soil, and deterioration of planting quality, which determines the relevance of this study.
The purpose of the work is to develop a parametric–criterial model of the planting process of mother sugar beet roots in a carousel planting machine that enables analytical determination of admissible constructive and operating parameter ranges ensuring physical feasibility, stability, and controllability of the technological process. The research is theoretical and based on analytical modeling. Methods of classical mechanics, kinematic and force analysis, and a criterial approach to assessing process operability are applied. The planting process is considered as a phase-structured mechanical system comprising gripping, forced transportation along a circular trajectory, and controlled release into the soil, each stage being governed by specific physical and technological constraints.
As a result, an integrated parametric–criterial model has been developed that combines inertial, gravitational, frictional, kinematic, and technological factors into a unified system of operability conditions. An admissible parameter domain has been analytically defined, representing operating regimes in which stable gripping, non-impact transportation, and controlled placement of roots are simultaneously ensured. A functional measure of operability margin has also been introduced, enabling quantitative evaluation of regime reliability and identification of limiting physical or technological mechanisms.
The scientific novelty of the work lies in the development of an engineering-oriented parametric–criterial model that provides an analytical description of the admissible operating domain for a carousel planting machine and introduces a quantitative operability margin for reliability assessment. The practical significance of the results is associated with their application in the design, modernization, and rational adjustment of carousel planting machines for sugar beet seed production without extensive experimental testing. Further research may focus on accounting for variability in root properties, improving working element design, and integrating the model into automated control and optimization systems.
References
Список літератури
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References
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2. L. Wang, Z. Lin, Z. Zhou, G. Yu, Z. Yang, X. Yu, and B. Ye, «Design and experiment of a vegetable plug seedling planting mechanism combining non-circular gear system and multi-link», International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 124–134, 2025. doi: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20251803.9229.
3. M. N. Reza, M. N. Islam, M. Chowdhury, M. Ali, S. Islam, S. Kiraga, S.-J. Lim, I.-S. Choi, and S.-O. Chung, «Kinematic analysis of a gear-driven rotary planting mechanism for a six-row self-propelled onion transplanter», Machines, vol. 9, no. 9, article 183, 2021. doi: 10.3390/machines9090183.
4. Y. Wen, J. Zhang, J. Tian, D. Duan, Y. Zhang, Y. Tan, T. Yuan, and X. Li, «Design of a traction double-row fully automatic transplanter for vegetable plug seedlings», Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, vol. 182, article 106017, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.compag.2021.106017.
5. J. Ji, K. Chen, X. Jin, Z. Wang, B. Dai, J. Fan, and X. Lin, «High-efficiency modal analysis and deformation prediction of a rice transplanter based on effective independent method», Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, vol. 168, article 105126, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.compag.2019.105126.
6. B. L. Ye, G. J. Zeng, B. Deng, C. L. Yang, J. K. Liu, and G. H. Yu, «Design and tests of a rotary plug seedling pick-up mechanism for vegetable automatic transplanter», International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 70–78, 2020. doi: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20201303.5647.
7. L. Sun, X. Chen, C. Wu, G. Zhang, and Y. Xu, «Synthesis and design of rice pot seedling transplanting mechanism based on labeled graph theory», Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, vol. 143, pp. 249–261, 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.compag.2017.10.021.
8. H. Bai, X. Li, F. Zeng, J. Cui, and Y. Zhang, «Study on the impact damage characteristics of transplanting seedlings based on pressure distribution measurement system», Horticulturae, vol. 8, no. 11, article 1080, 2022. doi: 10.3390/horticulturae8111080.
9. A. Walunj, Y. Chen, Y. Tian, and Z. Zeng, «Modeling soil–plant–machine dynamics using discrete element method: a review», Agronomy, vol. 13, article 1260, 2023. doi: 10.3390/agronomy13051260.
10. Y.-S. Kim, S.-D. Lee, S.-M. Baek, S.-Y. Baek, H.-H. Jeon, J.-H. Lee, M. A. A. Siddique, Y.-J. Kim, W.-S. Kim, S. Yi, T. Sim, and Y.-S. Choi, «Development of DEM–MBD coupling model for draft force prediction of agricultural tractor with plowing depth», Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, vol. 202, article 107405, 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.compag.2022.107405.
11. Z. Tian, Y. Li, J. Fan, and X. Yang, «Modeling the mechanical properties of root–substrate composites for transplanting applications», Agriculture, vol. 14, no. 5, article 651, 2024. doi: 10.3390/agriculture14050651.
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13. Š. Nedomová, V. Kumbar, R. Pytel, and J. Buchar, «Mechanical properties of sugar beet root during storage», International Agrophysics, vol. 31, pp. 507–513, 2017. doi: 10.1515/intag-2016-0081.
14. M. Zhou and Y. Shan, «Theoretical analysis and development of a mechanism with punching device for transplanting potted vegetable seedlings», International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 85–92, 2020. doi: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20201304.5404.
15. M. Sri et al., «Experimental safety analysis for transplanting device of 4-bar link type semi-automatic vegetable transplanter», Agriculture, vol. 12, article 1890, 2022. doi: 10.3390/agriculture12081890.
16. B. Cheng, «Current status and analysis of key technologies in automatic transplanters for vegetables in China», Agriculture, vol. 14, article 2168, 2024. doi: 10.3390/agriculture14122168.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Oleg Ivanov, Taras Lapenko, Vladislav Krokhmal
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