Research on the Process of Grain Separation on a Conical Perforated Surface
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32515/2664-262X.2026.13(44).261-272Keywords:
Seed material, terminal velocity, conical sieve, vibro-centrifugal separator, separation of grain mixtures, separation, particle trajectory, airflow, parameter optimization, vibrationAbstract
The purpose of the article is to provide a theoretical justification of the separation process of grain material on a rotating conical perforated surface of a vibrocentrifugal separator and to establish analytical dependencies determining the efficiency of grain mixture classification. The study analyzes current approaches to pneumatic-centrifugal and vibro-centrifugal separation and identifies the main factors influencing the quality and productivity of the process. A mathematical model of particle motion along the inner surface of the conical screen was developed, taking into account the action of centrifugal, gravitational, and frictional forces. Based on the derived system of differential motion equations, analytical expressions were obtained for determining the critical (limit) velocity of particle passage through the perforations and for calculating the effective length of the working surface where separation is completed.
The theoretical analysis established the conditions under which grain particles pass through the holes of the rotating conical surface and determined the influence of geometric (apex angle, hole diameter) and kinematic (angular velocity, rotation frequency) parameters on separation performance. The obtained results revealed several regularities: increasing the rotation frequency up to 1000 rpm intensifies the separation process, while further increase leads to excessive energy consumption; enlarging the perforation diameter enhances throughput but reduces cleaning efficiency; increasing the cone apex angle accelerates particle motion along the generatrix, yet decreases the normal component of the centrifugal force and thus the probability of passage through the holes. According to the analytical relationships, the optimal design and operating parameters of the conical separator were determined as follows: generatrix inclination angle – 35–45°, rotation speed – 800–1000 rpm, perforation diameter – 2.5–3.5 mm, and the particle-to-hole diameter ratio – 1:5…1:6.
The developed theoretical framework provides a scientific basis for further improvement of vibrocentrifugal and combined grain-cleaning machines. The obtained analytical expressions can be applied in the design of working elements with optimized parameters that ensure higher separation quality and reduced energy consumption in grain processing operations.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Serhii Stepanenko, Borys Kotov, Alvian Kuzmych, Vitaly Melnyk, Rostyslav Kudrynetskyi, Ihor Popadyuk
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