Improvement of the Approach to the Technical and Economic Evaluation of Vehicle Operation Efficiency on Urban Routes Considering their Operational Condition
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32515/2664-262X.2026.14(45).375-383Keywords:
efficiency of operation, buses, mileage, technical reliability, specific costs, rolling stock, service life, technical and economic assessment, transport work, optimizationAbstract
The article considers an актуal scientific and practical problem of assessing the efficiency of urban bus operation taking into account their accumulated mileage from the beginning of operation. It has been established that insufficient study of the patterns of efficiency change during the aging process of rolling stock complicates the selection of a rational bus fleet structure and the determination of economically feasible replacement periods. It is substantiated that with increasing mileage there is a gradual deterioration of the technical condition of buses, a decrease in the coefficient of technical readiness, an increase in the number of failures and downtime in maintenance and repair, which leads to higher operating costs and a decrease in the overall efficiency of their use.
Modern approaches to assessing the efficiency of rolling stock operation are analyzed, including models for determining the optimal service life of buses based on operational reliability, changes in costs, and residual value. The limitations of existing methods are identified, which consist in insufficient consideration of profitability, the complexity of determining the discount rate, and the subjectivity of assessing the consumer attractiveness of vehicles. An improved approach to technical and economic assessment is proposed, based on an integral efficiency indicator that takes into account reduced costs, transport work volumes, residual value, market conditions, and operational characteristics of buses.
Based on experimental data, a comparative analysis of the operation of buses of different models in urban conditions is carried out using the example of the city of Kropyvnytskyi. The dependence of specific costs for maintaining operability on mileage is studied, and it is established that after reaching a mileage of about 350 thousand km, a significant increase in these costs occurs. It is found that foreign-made buses are characterized by more stable technical condition indicators, although they have higher maintenance costs, while domestic models are less stable but have lower initial costs.
It is emphasized that the efficiency of rolling stock operation should be assessed comprehensively, not only in terms of costs, but also taking into account profit and productivity. The proposed approach makes it possible to more reasonably determine the feasibility of further operation or replacement of buses, which will contribute to optimizing the structure of the rolling stock fleet, increasing the economic efficiency of transportation, and reducing the costs of motor transport enterprises.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Dmytro Holub, Nataliia Zamkova, Diana Chorna
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